Physiotherapy for osteochondrosis, depending on the patient's condition, is used both in combination with drug therapy and independently. The following types of physiotherapy are used for osteochondrosis: laser therapy, detector therapy, electrotherapy, shock wave, magnetotherapy, mud and balneotherapy, ultrasound therapy, ultraviolet radiation (UFO). After successful relief of the aggravation, massage and physiotherapy exercises are shown.
UFO:Exposure to UVA creates vitamin D in the skin, which promotes the absorption of calcium. The method is carried out using irradiators, which have bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic action.
Ultrasound therapy and phonophoresis:During ultrasound therapy, the body is exposed to high-frequency sounds (20 kHz or more). Because of its effect, the method relieves pain of various localizations. This method is combined with the application of anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents (ultraphonophoresis) to better penetrate them into the affected tissues.
Shock wave:The method involves moving an acoustic wave to a painful area of the body. This type: eliminates pain, improves microcirculation, improves metabolism.
Detective therapy:The method involves stretching the spine using the patient’s body weight.
Laser therapy:The method has a healing effect using helium-neon lasers. Due to the activation of bioelectronic processes in the tissues of the nervous system, laser therapy has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Laser radiation is carried out along the inflammatory roots of the spinal cord. In osteochondrosis, the impact on the paravertebral zones of the spine is used.
Electrotherapy:Electrotherapy has many effects on the body: it eliminates pain and discomfort, improves nutrition and trophism of the affected tissues. Impulse currents have a very effective therapeutic effect. The mechanism of their action on the body is determined by the effect on nerve receptors. Low-frequency pulses contribute to the extinction of acute pain and are prescribed as first aid in cases of severe pain syndrome. The following types of currents are used: Diadynamic Therapy (DDT), Amplitude Therapy (SMT), Interference Therapy, Subcutaneous Electrical Neurostimulation (TENS), UHF Electric Field.
Magnetotherapy:Physiotherapy for osteochondrosis involves the use of magnetotherapy, which has a decongestant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic effect. Inductors are placed on the affected spine and limbs.
Balneotherapy and mud therapy:Osteochondrosis balneotherapy involves the use of mineral waters (local and general baths, swimming pools, showers) for the treatment and rehabilitation. During the procedure, minerals penetrate the skin and act on receptors and nerve centers.
During mud treatment, the body is affected by temperature and the chemical composition of the healing mud. Mud is used in the form of applications.
Balneotherapy stimulates metabolism, improves blood circulation and relieves inflammation and pain.
Combined methods of physiotherapy: Combined methods of physiotherapy are most often prescribed during osteochondrosis. For example, in severe pain, diadynamic therapy and electrophoresis (diadynamophoresis) using novocaine are used. The acupuncture-laser puncture method is used for the one-step effect on biologically active points. Its action is to activate the spots with acupuncture needles and laser radiation.
Mud therapy is often used in conjunction with electrotherapy (electrophoresis with mud solution, inductothermia with mud, galvanic mud therapy).
Treatment of joints
All diseases of the joints can be divided into two main groups - joint damage, which arises from metabolic disorders, and inflammation of the joints. Of course, in each case, the treatment of the joints is carried out according to its own special program.
Joint treatment,Whether it is arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatism or other diseases, it must definitely be difficult and the main task of treatment is to eliminate the cause of the disease and hence the painful symptoms.
Treatment with modern techniques is aimed at eliminating or reducing the signs of pain, local or general inflammation, and restoring the affected joints. Complex treatment usually begins with drug therapy.
The patient is prescribed painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs that help to restore the cartilage of the joint, strengthen the immune system. Treatment of the joints at this stage can relieve the symptoms of pain. Often it involves the intra-articular administration of medication to deliver a therapeutic substance of the desired concentration directly into the diseased joint cavity. This increases the effectiveness of medical treatment.
In addition, in the safe elimination of the main symptoms of the acute stage, treatment is continued with the help of a complex of physiotherapy procedures, exercise therapy exercises, massage. In particular, the treatment of joints with physiotherapeutic methods has found a very wide use today.
Used pulse currents (DDT, SMT), magnetotherapy, EHF-therapy, laser therapy, electrophoresis with healing substances, ultrasound and phonophoresis. Balneotherapy (different types of baths) and mud treatment are combined to reduce the aggravation. Physiotherapy and massage are prescribed.
Treatment of back pain
These pains have many causes. First of all, acute pain can occur due to intervertebral disc herniation (protrusion), osteochondrosis and pathology of the nervous system. Most often, back pain is found in people who have been in the same condition for a long time.
And yet the most common reason is physical activity! This reduces the blood flow to the yolks, joints, and intervertebral discs, causing the cartilage that forms them to begin. It is the weakening of the ligamentous apparatus that is the cause of all diseases of the spine. When pain appears, you should immediately consult a doctor who will determine its cause, make a correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment.
To reduce the risk of back pain you need more movement, observing your weight and doing at least minimal exercise (15 minutes a day is enough).
Proper nutrition is also very important - it is one of the keys to health and longevity, and the spine needs protein to maintain flexibility and calcium for strength. Calcium is found in large amounts in hard cheese, liver, nuts, cottage cheese, eggs, and protein in meat and dairy products. Spine bones and ligaments also need micronutrients: phosphorus (many have bran, peas, fish), magnesium and manganese (they are found in sea fish, onions, potatoes) and fatty acids - their sources are nuts, fatty sea fish and olive oil.
When back pain worsens, treatment begins with medications - usually painkillers, diuretics, and medications that relieve muscle spasms. However, there are no medications without side effects, they are only used for a limited time and most importantly, they do not explain the cause of back pain and do not prevent the recurrence of the disease. In the acute period, treatment methods such as traction as well as wearing a collar and corsets are also used, which makes it possible to release the diseased spine.
In addition to emergency medicine - medications that relieve muscle spasms and pain, the most important treatment for osteochondrosis is physiotherapy, which helps reduce pain in the acute period of the disease, improves blood circulation to tissues, prevents malnutrition of muscles, joints and joints. And avoid movement disorders.
Modern physiotherapy is a field of medicine that has a strong arsenal of treatments; It has two large blocks - physiotherapy exercises with massage and electrotherapy. Therapeutic massage is one of the most effective methods of treating osteochondrosis and back pain because it improves blood circulation in deep tissues and removes muscle blocks ("clamps") that are the main cause of acute pain.
One of the most effective methods of electrotherapy is electrophoresis of the drug - it is a targeted delivery of drugs to the diseased organ, which improves the blood supply to the tissues.
Impulse currents - DDT, SMT - have pronounced analgesic, antispasmodic and trophic action. Also, a laser, a magnetic laser, is used to treat back pain. This method allows you to quickly relieve the inflammation associated with inflammation and hence the pain that occurs in swollen and compressed tissues.
Magnetotherapy is used as a permanent or alternating magnetic field, it can also quickly stop swelling and pain.
D'Arsonval currents are effective - these are "ozonated" currents used to relieve painful muscle spasms, high-frequency ultrasound vibrations that eliminate inflammation and promote scarring, increase tissue elasticity.
Physiotherapy plays a special role in physiotherapy. Its importance is often not appreciated, and after all, without a full-fledged muscle corset, it is impossible to cure back pain and prevent recurrence of osteochondrosis.
Physiotherapy is of particular importance in the trauma and postoperative period. Its use will help in the recurrence of back pain, which occurs e. g. წ. Because of "motor stereotypes. "For example, an office worker who spends the entire work day sitting at a computer, or a salesperson whose main workload falls to his feet. Conventional gymnastics to improve health, yoga, Pilates and other exercises can also be a very effective way to combat "motor automatism".
Treatment of neck pain
Pain can be caused by a variety of reasons, ranging from muscle spasm to herniated discs in the cervical spine. If neck pain appears once (due to a sharp twist of the head, uncomfortable posture during sleep), then most likely it will disappear by itself in a few days.
To reduce the pain you only need to reduce the static load on the neck muscles (do not tilt your head for a long time), do not engage in excessive physical activity, do not make sudden movements of the neck.
If the neck pain is persistent or often recurrent, accompanied by headache, numbness of the upper extremities, a thorough examination is necessary.
Neck pain physiotherapy aims to alleviate pain syndrome, improve blood circulation and microcirculation in the affected segment, anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects, eliminate metabolic and dystrophic disorders, and reduce movement disorders
Physical factors are used during the inpatient and outpatient treatment stages, after the patient is discharged from the hospital, as well as during early postoperative rehabilitation. Acute period: after 4-5 days (after reduction of the severity of the process), laser therapy, pulse currents (SMT, DDT, interference currents), magnetotherapy, segmental zone UFO, cervical darsonvalization in the area of the spine and occipital area, localAnesthetic, blocking action of ganglion on pain zones.
In the subacute period is used phonophoresis with drugs, magnetotherapy, electrophoresis of drugs, microwave electromagnetic fields (SMV, UHF), laser therapy.
In remission: Thermotherapy is associated with, including ozokerite and mud therapy in the cervix, balneotherapy (iodine bromine, turpentine baths, laurel baths, biscuit baths), underwater shower massage, therapeutic massage.
Treatment of low back pain
The sensation of pain in the lower back is due to an imbalance of the musculoskeletal system. In this case, soft tissue microtrauma occurs, resulting in the release of excessive amounts of chemical irritants (pain mediators). They cause muscle spasms and back pain.
The origin of lumbodinia is mainly associated with osteochondrosis, which is localized in the lumbar region. Lumbodynia is characterized by aching pain in the lumbar region with moderate or traumatic factors of lumbodynia: physical fatigue, systematic or excessive physical exertion; Sharp movements; Continuous work in a "non-physiological" or uncomfortable state; Lumbar bruising, hypothermia, colds, etc. Sh.
The lumbar pain treatment program includes the following key points:
- Rest in bed for eight to ten days. At the same time, the bed should be flat and solid. "Resting" on such a surface allows the back muscles to relax.
- Lumbago medical treatment involves the use of sedatives and analgesics and the use of novocaine blockers (for severe growing pains).
From physiotherapy methods you can use analgesics electrophoresis, pulse currents, ultraviolet irradiation of segmental zones. During the acute period, the patient may be prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of tablets, injections, suppositories or ointments that relieve muscle spasm. Warming creams can be used only during the rehabilitation period (on the third day of exacerbation). In the acute period they can provoke swelling and increase pain.
- After relieving the acute pain, lumbago treatment is continued with the help of exercise therapy, massage and manual therapy.
The main task at this stage is to strengthen the muscle corset and reduce the contraction of the nerve roots. Lumbago special exercises help to normalize metabolism, improve blood circulation and nutrition of the intervertebral discs, relieve muscle tension, increase the intervertebral space and open the spine.
In addition, acupuncture, hydromassage, mineral baths, mud therapy, and other physiotherapy are prescribed during the remission phase (see Treatment of back pain). This improves blood circulation, anti-inflammatory and resorption action.
Physiotherapy treatment
Physiotherapy (from the Greek Physis - nature and therapy), a field of medicine that studies the healing properties of physical factors and develops the use of their methods for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Modern physiotherapy uses magnetic, electric and electromagnetic fields with low, high, ultra high and ultra high frequencies, artificial light radiation (from infrared to ultraviolet and monochromatic consistency), mechanical vibrations (from infrasound) to ultrasound. Sh.
Physical factors have affected humans throughout its evolution, so physiotherapy procedures have more physiological effects on the body than many drugs.
Physiotherapy treatment can be used both independently and in combination with drug therapy, manual therapy, massage, physiotherapy exercises. The variety of factors and techniques used in physiotherapy determines the possibilities of individual impact on the body and targeted impact on the pathological process without adverse side effects.
Physiotherapy can be used in almost all fields of medicine: otolaryngology, gastroenterology, gynecology, urology, pulmonology, orthopedics and traumatology, neurology, surgery, cardiology and more.
There is a wide range of physiotherapy treatment, it is mud therapy, hydrotherapy (various mineral and aromatic baths, underwater shower massage), magnet therapy, laser therapy, different types of currents (galvanic, pulse, high frequency), electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic wavesInhalation herbs, halotherapy, vibrating apparatus, physiotherapy room, staff of qualified masseurs.
Also in the department of physical methods of treatment therapeutic methods of acupuncture, electrical stimulation of various neurological diseases are carried out. All physiotherapy treatments are prescribed by the department physiotherapist taking into account the disease and the general condition of the patient.
Rehabilitation
Medical rehabilitation is a set of therapeutic and prophylactic measures aimed at maximizing the recovery of the patient's lost abilities after various diseases.
Rehabilitation also aims to restore the patient’s muscle strength as well as prevent recurrence or complications. Medical rehabilitation today does not just mean scheduling some kind of exercise after being discharged from the hospital or at the end of the inpatient physiotherapy course.
Rehabilitation is a complex of activities that includes the participation of doctors in various fields - physiotherapists, masseurs, psychologists, speech therapists and others. As a result, it is a complex rehabilitation that allows the patient to recover fully and not partially. The success of treatment depends on the correct diagnosis, optimally selected and conducted treatment, as well as the correct and timely rehabilitation of the patient.
Rehabilitation has one goal - to maximally restore the lost functions in the patient, based on the existing consequences of the injury or disease and the treatment carried out.
Depending on the area of application, rehabilitation can be: orthopedic - it is performed in case of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, fractures, spinal dysfunction and posture disorders. Neurological and neurosurgical surgery is one of the most serious types of rehabilitation, as most specialists - neurologists, physiotherapists, masseurs, psychologists and psychiatrists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, etc. - participate in its implementation. Sh.
This rehabilitation is required after injuries and operations on the nervous system (brain, spinal cord), diseases of the peripheral nervous system (nerve pack), paralysis, paresis and paralysis. Cardiac Rehabilitation - Rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction with cardiovascular disease.
The goal of rehabilitation is to rapidly regenerate muscles with their atrophies associated with prolonged physical inactivity, to restore limb strength and tone, to restore full range of motion after immobilization in joints (after fractures), to accelerate regeneration after cartilage, organ and bone marrow repairIncrease movement, increase the patient's general tone and improve psycho-emotional state, relieve pain and swelling after joint damage, exercise after stroke, paresis and paralysis, as well as after surgery in patients with musculoskeletal diseases and injuries after surgery (trauma, hemorrhage, trauma, ).
It should be noted that the rehabilitation process is based on stimulating the patient's own abilities under external influence. Physical exercises, modern equipment helps stimulate local and general immunity, improves tissue repair processes, restores blood and lymph circulation.
Medical rehabilitation methods include the following methods: rehabilitation gymnastics, massage, kinesitherapy, physiotherapy, manual therapy, electromyostimulation (this includes improving the conduction of nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles), psychological help, speech therapy.
It should be noted that one of the main points of any rehabilitation is physiotherapy methods aimed at restoring lost functions and stimulating movements in the patient, accelerating reparative processes in tissues and organs, especially the musculoskeletal system, nervous system and circulatory system. .
One of the advantages of physiotherapy methods is that they do not use medications, which means that there is no risk of developing allergic reactions and side effects, no drug addiction and the treatment methods used are usually non-invasive.
A properly selected rehabilitation program complex will help the patient recover as quickly as possible after illness, injury or surgery, restoring his freedom of movement and the ability to communicate with those around him without any restrictions.